# Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF)

Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF) sends low-frequency, low-strength pulsed magnetic fields into your tissue. It usually works through a flat coil, at frequencies from 1 to a few hundred Hz. The field strengths are far below an MRI's. The proposed mechanisms include nudging voltage-gated ion channels (especially calcium flow), affecting the mitochondria's membrane charge, and shifting reactive oxygen species and inflammatory signals. But the underlying biophysics is not fully pinned down. PEMF does have regulatory approval for specific uses. Examples are healing non-uniting bone fractures and easing post-surgery pain in some places. That is backed by a moderate amount of evidence. For broader longevity, metabolic, brain, or recovery claims, the evidence is mixed. Some small trials report less pain and inflammation. But the effects vary, blinding is hard, device settings differ widely, and good long-term human trials are missing.

## Sources

- Peng L, Fu C, Xiong F, et al.. (2020). Effectiveness of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields on Bone Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Bioelectromagnetics. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22271
- Cadossi R, Massari L, Racine-Avila J, Aaron RK. (2020). Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation of Bone Healing and Joint Preservation: Cellular Mechanisms of Skeletal Response. JAAOS Global Research and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00155

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